Palabras clave
Cómo citar
Resumen
Antecedentes: La pandemia ha afectado al bienestar psicológico y a la sexualidad de la población, especialmente entre grupos vulnerables como los hombres de una minoría sexual. Método: En España, un total de 320 hombres heterosexuales y 151 hombres de minorías sexuales, de entre 18 y 60 años, respondieron un cuestionario online ad hoc sobre comportamiento sexual durante el confinamiento. Resultados: Durante el confinamiento, respecto a los hombres heterosexuales, los hombres de minorías sexuales se masturbaron más, realizaron más actividades sexuales en línea y tuvieron más sexo con no convivientes. En cambio, los hombres heterosexuales tuvieron más relaciones sexuales con su pareja. El hecho de vivir en pareja durante el confinamiento fue predictor de una mejoría de la vida sexual, sobre todo para los hombres heterosexuales. Además, el impacto emocional del confinamiento fue predictor de un empeoramiento de la vida sexual sin distinción por orientación sexual. Conclusiones: En futuras intervenciones habría que tener en cuenta que la vida sexual de los hombres está mediada por el impacto emocional del momento, especialmente entre los hombres de minorías sexuales, ya que su calidad de vida sexual muestra menor relación con algunas de las variables protectoras estudiadas (vivir en pareja).
Citas
References
Ballester-Arnal, R. & Gil-Llario, M.D. (2020). The virus that changed Spain: Impact of COVID-19 on people with HIV. AIDS & Behavior, 24, 2253-2257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02877-3
Ballester-Arnal, R., Nebot-Garcia, J. E., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Giménez-García, C., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2021). “INSIDE” Project on sexual health in Spain: Sexual life during the lockdown caused by COVID-19. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 18(4), 1023-1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00506-1
Bancroft, J., Janssen, E., Strong, D., & Vukadinovic, Z. (2003). The relation between mood and sexuality in gay men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32(3), 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023461500810
Barrientos, J., Guzmán-González, M., Urzúa, A., & Ulloa, F. (2021). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on LGBT people in Chile. Sexologies, 30(1), e35-e41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2020.12.006
Cito, G., Micelli, E., Cocci, A., Polloni, G., Russo, G. I., Coccia, M. E., Simoncini, T., Carini M., Minervini, A., & Natali, A. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on sexual life in Italy. Urology, 147, 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.101
Cohen, J. M., Blasey, C., Taylor, C. B., Weiss, B. J., & Newman, M. G. (2016). Anxiety and related disorders and concealment in sexual minority young adults. Behavior Therapy, 47(1), 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2015.09.006
Dodge, B., Herbenick, D., Fu, T. C. J., Schick, V., Reece, M., Sanders, S., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2016). Sexual behaviors of US men by self-identified sexual orientation: Results from the 2012 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(4), 637-649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.01.015
Downing, M. J., Schrimshaw, E. W., Scheinmann, R., Antebi-Gruszka, N., & Hirshfield, S. (2017). Sexually explicit media use by sexual identity: A comparative analysis of gay, bisexual, and heterosexual men in the United States. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 1763-1776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0837-9
Duarte, M., & Pereira, H. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on depressive symptoms through the lens of sexual orientation. Brain Sciences, 11(4), Article 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040523
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
Gato, J., Barrientos, J., Tasker, F., Miscioscia, M., Cerqueira-Santos, E., Malmquist, A., Seabra, D., Leal, D., Houghton, M., Poli, M., Gubello, A., Ramos, M. d. M., Guzmán, M., Urzúa, A., Ulloa, F., & Wurm, M. (2021). Psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health among LGBTQ+ young adults: A cross-cultural comparison across six nations. Journal of Homosexuality, 68(4), 612-630. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2020.1868186
Gibb, J. K., DuBois, L. Z., Williams, S., McKerracher, L., Juster, R. P., & Fields, J. (2020). Sexual and gender minority health vulnerabilities during the COVID‐19 health crisis. American Journal of Human Biology, 32(5), Article e23499. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23499
Gonzales, G., de Mola, E. L., Gavulic, K. A., McKay, T., & Purcell, C. (2020). Mental health needs among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(5), 645-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.006
Griffin, M., Jaiswal, J., Martino, R. J., LoSchiavo, C., Comer-Carruthers, C., Krause, K. D., Stults, C. B., & Halkitis, P. N. (2022). Sex in the time of COVID-19: Patterns of sexual behavior among LGBTQ+ individuals in the US. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(1), 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02298-4
Hammoud, M. A., Maher, L., Holt, M., Degenhardt, L., Jin, F., Murphy, D., Jin F., Myrphy, D., Bavinton B., Grulich, A., Lea T., Haire B., Bourne A., Saxton, P., Vaccher, S., Ellard, J., Mackie, B., Batrouney, C., Bath, N., & Prestage, G. (2020). Physical distancing due to COVID-19 disrupts sexual behaviors among gay and bisexual men in Australia: Implications for trends in HIV and other sexually transmissible infections. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 85(3), 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000002462
Harkness, A., Weinstein, E. R., Atuluru, P., Vidal, R., Rodriguez-Diaz, C. E., & Safren, S. A. (2021). “Let’s hook up when the pandemic is over:” Latinx sexual minority men’s sexual behavior during COVID-19. The Journal of Sex Research, 58(8), 951-957. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.1888064
Karsiyakali, N., Sahin, Y., Ates, H. A., Okucu, E., & Karabay, E. (2021). Evaluation of the sexual functioning of individuals living in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic: An Internet-based nationwide survey study. Sexual Medicine, 9(1), Article 100279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2020.10.007
Kashdan, T. B., Adams, L., Savostyanova, A., Ferssizidis, P., McKnight, P. E., & Nezlek, J. B. (2011). Effects of social anxiety and depressive symptoms on the frequency and quality of sexual activity: A daily process approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(5), 352-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.03.004
Kline, N. S. (2020). Rethinking COVID-19 vulnerability: A call for LGTBQ+ im/migrant health equity in the United States during and after a pandemic. Health Equity, 4(1), 239-242. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0012
Ko, N. Y., Lu, W. H., Chen, Y. L., Li, D. J., Chang, Y. P., Wu, C. F., Wang, P. W., & Yen, C. F. (2020). Changes in sex life among people in Taiwan during the covid-19 pandemic: The roles of risk perception, general anxiety, and demographic characteristics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), Article 5822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165822
Lehmiller, J. J., Garcia, J. R., Gesselman, A. N., & Mark, K. P. (2021). Less sex, but more sexual diversity: Changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1774016
Li, W., Li, G., Xin, C., Wang, Y. & Yang, S. (2020). Challenges in the practice of sexual medicine in the time of COVID-19 in China. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(7), 1225-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.380
Liu, Y., Frazier, P. A., Porta, C. M., & Lust, K. (2022). Mental health of US undergraduate and graduate students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Differences across sociodemographic groups. Psychiatry Research, 309, Article 114428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114428
McKay, T., Henne, J., Gonzales, G., Gavulic, K. A., Quarles, R., & Gallegos, S. G. (2023). Sexual behavior change among gay and bisexual men during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave in the United States. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 20(2), 438-452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-021-00625-3
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
Mumm, J. N., Vilsmaier, T., Schuetz, J. M., Rodler, S., Zati Zehni, A., Bauer, R. M., Staehler, M., Stief, C. G., & Batz, F. (2021). How the COVID-19 pandemic affects sexual behavior of hetero-, homo-, and bisexual males in Germany. Sexual Medicine, 9(4), Article 100380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100380
Nebot-Garcia, J. E., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Llario, M. D., & Ballester-Arnal, R. (2020). Sexual frequency of Spanish adolescents during confnement by COVID-19. Revista de Psicologia Clinica Con Ninos y Adolescentes, 7(3), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2020.mon.2038
Nelson, K. M., Gordon, A. R., John, S. A., Stout, C. D., & Macapagal, K. (2020). “Physical sex is over for now”: Impact of COVID-19 on the wellbeing and sexual health of adolescent sexual minority males in the US. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(6), 756-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.027
Plöderl, M., & Tremblay, P. (2015). Mental health of sexual minorities. A systematic review. International Review of Psychiatry, 27(5), 367-385. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1083949
Rodríguez Domínguez, C., Lafuente Bacedoni, C., & Durán Segura, M. (2021). Predictores de la satisfacción sexual durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en España [Predictors of sexual satisfaction during lockdown by COVID-19 in Spain]. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 29(3), 627-646. https://doi.org/10.51668/bp.8321307s
Ross, L. E., Salway, T., Tarasoff, L. A., MacKay, J. M., Hawkins, B. W., & Fehr, C. P. (2018). Prevalence of depression and anxiety among bisexual people compared to gay, lesbian, and heterosexual individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Sex Research, 55(4-5), 435-456. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1387755
Sanchez, T. H., Zlotorzynska, M., Rai, M., & Baral, S. D. (2020). Characterizing the impact of COVID-19 on men who have sex with men across the United States in April, 2020. AIDS and Behavior, 24, 2024-2032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02894-2
Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., García-Escalera, J., & Chorot, P. (2020). Impacto psicológico de la pandemia de COVID-19: Efectos negativos y positivos en población española asociados al periodo de confinamiento nacional [Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Negative and positive effects in Spanish people during the mandatory national quarantine]. Revista de Psicopatologia y Psicologia Clinica, 25(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.27569
Semlyen, J., King, M., Varney, J., & Hagger-Johnson, G. (2016). Sexual orientation and symptoms of common mental disorder or low wellbeing: Combined meta-analysis of 12 UK population health surveys. BMC Psychiatry, 16, Article 67. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0767-z
Shilo, G., & Mor, Z. (2020). COVID-19 and the changes in the sexual behavior of men who have sex with men: Results of an online survey. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(10), 1827-1834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.07.085
Soria, K. M., & Horgos, B. (2021). Factors Associated with College Students’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of College Student Development, 62(2), 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2021.0024
Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare (2020). Actualización nº 105. Enfermedad por el coronavirus (COVID-19). 14.05.2020 [Update No. 105. coronavirus disease (COVID-19). 14.05.2020]. https://www.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov/documentos/Actualizacion_105_COVID-19.pdf
Stephenson, R., Chavanduka, T. M., Rosso, M. T., Sullivan, S. P., Pitter, R. A., Hunter, A. S., & Rogers, E. (2021). Sex in the time of COVID-19: Results of an online survey of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men’s experience of sex and HIV prevention during the US COVID-19 epidemic. AIDS and Behavior, 25(1), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03024-8
Suso-Ribera, C., & Martín-Brufau, R. (2020). How much support is there for the recommendations made to the general population during confinement? A study during the first three days of the COVID–19 quarantine in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), Article 4382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124382