Improving Quality of Life and Reducing Behavioral Problems of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Through Deinstitutionalization
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Palabras clave

Intellectual and developmental disabilities
Extensive support needs
Community living
Choice
Participation Discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo
Grandes necesidades de apoyo
Vida en comunidad
Elección
Participación

Cómo citar

Navas , P., Esteban, L., Arias, V., & Verdugo, M. Ángel. (2024). Improving Quality of Life and Reducing Behavioral Problems of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Through Deinstitutionalization. Psicothema, 36(2), 113–122. Recuperado a partir de https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/PST/article/view/21244

Resumen

Antecedentes: Las personas con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo (DID) con grandes necesidades de apoyo tienen más probabilidades de vivir en entornos segregados y altamente institucionalizados. Este estudio pretende analizar los cambios en el funcionamiento y calidad de vida de este colectivo tras la transición a viviendas ubicadas en la comunidad. Método: La muestra incluyó 54 adultos con DID con grandes necesidades de apoyo que fueron evaluados en tres momentos temporales: antes de la transición, seis meses y un año después de la misma. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Resident Choice Scale, la Escala de Calidad de Vida San Martín, Active Support Participation Measure y la sección de Problemas de Conducta del Inventory for Client and Agency Planning. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) y pruebas t para medidas repetidas. Resultados: Se observaron mejoras significativas en toma de decisiones, participación e independencia en actividades cotidianas y en calidad de vida, así como una reducción de los problemas de conducta. Conclusiones: Los beneficios encontrados apoyan la necesidad de llevar a cabo procesos de transformación hacia servicios y prácticas profesionales más inclusivas que fomenten los derechos y la pertenencia comunitaria.

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