Palabras clave
Psychological problems
Subjective well-being
Suicidal behavior
Adolescents Acontecimientos vitales estresantes
Problemas psicológicos
Bienestar subjetivo
Conducta suicida
Adolescentes
Cómo citar
Resumen
Antecedentes: La adolescencia es un periodo importante del desarrollo en el que pueden aparecer problemas psicológicos, incluyendo conducta suicida. Además, experimentar acontecimientos vitales estresantes (AVEs) puede contribuir a su aparición, aunque el impacto de distintos tipos de AVEs ha sido escasamente examinado. Este estudio pretende analizar asociaciones entre diferentes AVEs, problemas psicológicos, bienestar subjetivo y conducta suicida en adolescentes. Se desarrolló un nuevo instrumento —Stressful Life Events Checklist for Adolescents (SLECA)— donde los AVEs se clasificaron como: leves/graves, dependientes/independientes, interpersonales/no-interpersonales y crónicos/episódicos. Método: Se incluyeron dos oleadas. 5.610 adolescentes participaron en la primera y 2.312 en la segunda. Resultados: Los AVEs graves-dependientes-interpersonales-episódicos se asociaron fuertemente a problemas exteriorizados; los AVEs graves- dependientes-no-interpersonales-episódicos mostraron la más alta relación con problemas de atención e hiperactividad; y los AVEs graves-independientes-crónicos se asociaron tanto a bajo bienestar subjetivo como a problemas interiorizados. Los AVEs académicos y relacionados con problemas con los iguales se relacionaron con problemas psicológicos y bajo bienestar subjetivo. Controlando por variables de salud mental, la conducta suicida se asoció a AVEs graves-independientes-crónicos y a los relacionados con victimización y problemas con la sexualidad. Conclusiones: El SLECA es un instrumento útil para evaluar AVEs en adolescentes, desenredando las interrelaciones entre AVEs, salud mental y conducta suicida.
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