Resumen
Antecedentes: Los factores socioculturales desempeñan un papel central en el procesamiento y expresión de las emociones. En este estudio, se explora si el Capital Cultural (CC)—es decir los conocimientos, códigos culturales y habilidades de la persona—puede explicar las diferencias individuales en comprender las emociones proprias (alexitimia) y ayenas (empatía). Método: Se realizó una encuesta preregistrada con una muestra italiana (N = 475). La alexitimia y la empatía se evaluaron respectivamente mediante la Toronto Alexitimia Scale y el Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Resultados: Los análisis de regresión confirman un papel significativo, aunque limitado, del CC en los niveles de alexitimia y empatía registrados a través de autoinforme. Las personas con mayor CC mostraron menor Pensamiento Externamente Orientado, mayor Toma de Perspectiva y mayor Fantasía. La alexitimia y la empatía también se vieron afectadas por la deseabilidad social. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que I) el Capital Cultural influye en la capacidad de analizar los sentimientos propios y comprender la perspectiva ajena, y II) la deseabilidad social es una variable interviniente en la validez de las medidas de autoinforme sobre habilidades emocionales. En general, esta investigación subraya la importancia de estudiar los procesos afectivos considerando el contexto cultural del individuo.
Citas
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