Keywords
Peer victimization
Cyber-victimization
Family communication
Adolescents Ideación suicida
Victimización entre iguales
Cibervictimización
Comunicación familiar
Adolescentes
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Traditional peer victimization and cyber-victimization are predictive risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents. Family communication is a protective factor that has seldom been studied in the specific problem of suicidal ideation in adolescent victims of traditional victimization and cyber-victimization. The objective of the present study was to use two different moderated mediation models to analyze the direct and indirect—mediating—effects of traditional victimization and cyber-victimization on suicidal ideation in adolescents, as well as the moderating role of family communication in the relationships between traditional victimization, cyber-victimization, and suicidal ideation. Method: 1007 adolescents (51.9% boys) aged 12-18 years participated. Results: Significant direct and indirect effects of traditional victimization and cyber-victimization on suicidal ideation were confirmed. Family communication moderated the direct effects of cyber-victimization on suicidal ideation, but not the direct effects of traditional victimization on suicidal ideation. In addition, it moderated the relationship between traditional victimization and cyber-victimization. Conclusions: Family communication is a protective factor associated with decreased cyber-victimization in adolescents who suffer traditional victimization and reduced suicidal ideation in victims of cyber-victimization.
References
Abrahamyan, A., Soares, S., Peres, FS y Fraga, S. (2020). Exposición a la violencia e ideación suicida entre adolescentes en edad escolar. Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 32 (2-3), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2020.1848849
Alhajji, M., Bass, S., & Dai, T. (2019). Cyberbullying, mental health, and violence in adolescents and associations with sex and race: Data from the 2015 youth risk behavior survey. Global Pediatric Health, 6, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X19868887
Al-Halabí, S., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2021). Suicidal behavior prevention: The time to act is now. Clínica y Salud, 32(2), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.5093/clysa2021a17
Baiden, P., & Tadeo, S. K. (2020). Investigating the association between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among adolescents: Evidence from the 2017 youth risk behavior survey. Child Abuse & Neglect, 102, Article 104417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104417
Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (1982). Parent-adolescent communication scale. In H. D. Olson (Ed.), Family inventories: Inventories used in a national survey of families across the family life cycle (pp. 33-48). University of Minnnesota.
Benatov, J., Brunstein Klomek, A., & Chen-Gal, S. (2022). Bullying perpetration and victimization associations to suicide behavior: A longitudinal study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(9), 1353-1360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01776-9
Buelga, S., Cava, M.-J. & Musitu, G. (2010). Cyberbullying: Victimización entre adolescentes a través del teléfono móvil y de Internet [Cyberbullying: Victimization among adolescents through cell phones and the Internet]. Psicothema, 22(4), 784-789. Retriewed from https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/PST/article/view/8953
Buelga, S., Cava, M.-J.; Moreno-Ruiz, D., & Ortega-Barón, J. (2022). Cyberbullying and suicidal behavior in adolescent students: A systematic review. Revista de Educación, 397, 43-66. https://doi.org/10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2022-397-539
Buelga, S., Martínez, B., & Musitu, G. (2016). Family relationships and cyberbullying. In R. Navarro, S. Yubero, & Larrañaga, E. (Eds), Cyberbullying across the globe: Gender, family and mental health (pp.99-114). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25552-1_5
Buelga, S., Martínez-Ferrer, B., & Cava, M.-J. (2017). Differences in family climate and family communication among cyberbullies, cybervictims, and cyber bully–victims in adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior 76, 164-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.017 Buelga, S., Martínez-Ferrer, B., Cava, M.-J., & Ortega-Barón, J. (2019). Psychometric properties of the CYBVICS cyber-victimization scale and its relationship with psychosocial variables. Social Sciences, 8(1), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8010013
Buelga, S., Ortega-Barón, J., Iranzo, B., & Nogal, M. (2023). Intervención psicológica en cyberbullying e ideación suicida en la pre-post pandemia por Covid-19 [Psychological intervention in cyberbullying and suicidal ideation in the pre-post Covid-19 pandemic]. FOCAD.
Cañas, E., Estevez, E., Leon-Moreno, C., & Musitu, G. (2020). Loneliness, family communication, and school adjustment in a sample of cybervictimized adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), Article 335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010335
Cava, M.-J. (2011). Familia, profesorado e iguales: Claves para el apoyo a las víctimas de acoso escolar [Family, teachers and peers: Keys to support victims of bullying]. Psychosocial Intervention, 20(2), 183- 192. https://doi.org/10.5093/in2011v20n2a6
Cava, M.-J., Buelga, S., & Musitu, G. (2014). Parental communication and life satisfaction in adolescence. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 17, Article E98. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2014.107
Cava, M.-J., Buelga, S., & Tomás, I. (2021). Peer victimization and dating violence victimization: The mediating role of loneliness, depressed mood, and life satisfaction. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(5- 6), 2677-2702. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518760013
Cava, M.-J., Musitu, G., & Murgui, S. (2007). Individual and social risk factors related to victimization in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Psychological Reports,101, 275-2. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.101.5.275-290
Cava, M.-J., Castillo, I., Tomas, I., & Buelga, S. (2023). Romantic myths and cyber dating violence victimization in Spanish adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 17(2), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2023-2-4.
Chamizo-Nieto, M. T., & Rey, L. (2023). Cybervictimization and suicidal ideation in adolescents: A prospective view through gratitude and life satisfaction. Journal of Health Psychology, 28(7), 620-632. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053221140259
Centelles, O., Castillo, I., & Buelga, S. (2021). La aceptación familiar y la conducta prosocial: El rol de los factores de personalidad en menores con medidas de internamiento judicial [Family acceptance and prosocial behavior: The role of personality factors in juveniles with justice detention measures]. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 31(1), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.5093/apj2021a14
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Cosma, A., Walsh, S. D., Chester, K. L., Callaghan, M., Molcho, M., Craig, W., & Pickett, W. (2020). Bullying victimization: Time trends and the overlap between traditional and cyberbullying across countries in Europe and North America. International Journal of Public Health, 65, 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01320-2 Eslava, D., Martínez-Vispo, C., Villanueva-Blasco, V. J., Errasti, J. M., & Al- Halabí, S. (2023). Family conflict and suicidal behaviour in adolescence: The mediating role of the assertive interpersonal schema. Sustainability,
(6), Article 5149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065149
Estévez, E., Herrero, J., & Musitu, G. (2005). El rol de la comunicación familiar y del ajuste escolar en la salud mental del adolescente [The role of family communication and school adjustment in adolescent mental health]. Salud Mental, 28(4), 81-89. Retrieved September 15,
, from https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/sm/v28n4/0185-3325-sm-28-04-81.pdf
Estévez-García, J. F., Cañas, E., & Estévez, E. (2023). Non-disclosure and suicidal ideation in adolescent victims of bullying: An analysis from the family and school context. Psychosocial Intervention, 32(3), 191-201. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2023a13
Farrington, D. P., Zych, I., Ttofi, M. M., & Gaffney, H. (2023). Cyberbullying research in Canada: A systematic review of the first 100 empirical studies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 69, Article 101811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2022.101811
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Al-Halabí, S., Pérez-Albéniz, A., & Debbané, M. (2022). Risk and protective factors in adolescent suicidal behaviour: A network analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), Article 1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031784
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Díez-Gómez, A., de la Barrera, U., Sebastian- Enesco, C., Ortuño-Sierra, J., Montoya-Castilla, I., Lucas-Molina, B., Inchausti, F., & Pérez-Albéniz, A. (2020). Conducta suicida en adolescentes: Un análisis de redes [Suicidal behavior among adolescents: Anetworkanalysis]. Revistade Psiquiatríay Salud Mental. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S188898912030032X?via%3Dihub.
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Pérez-Albéniz, A., Al-Halabí, S., Lucas-Molina, B., Ortuño-Sierra, J., Díez-Gómez, A., Pérez-Sáenz, J., Inchausti, F., Valero García, A. V., Gutiérrez García, A., Aritio Solana, R., Ródenas-Perea, G., De Vicente Clemente, M. P., Ciarreta López, A., and Debbané, M. (2023). PSICE Project Protocol: Evaluation of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment for Adolescents with Emotional Symptoms in School Settings. Clínica y Salud, 34(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.5093/clysa2023a3
Galindo-Domínguez, H., & Losada Iglesias, D. (2022). Importance of emotional intelligence in order to reduce suicidal ideation in adolescents’ bullying victims: A mediation and moderation model. Journal of School Violence, 22(1), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/15 388220.2022.2146126
Gámez-Guadix, M. (2017). Escuela de padres 3.0: Guía para educar a los niños en el uso positivo de Internet y los smartphones [School for parents 3.0: A guide to educate children in the positive use of Internet and smartphones]. Pirámide.
Garaigordobil, M., & Navarro, R. (2022). Parenting styles and self-esteem in adolescent cybervictims and cyberaggressors: Self-esteem as a mediator variable. Children, 9(12), 1795-1808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ children9121795
Geoffroy, M.-C., Arseneault, L., Girard, A., Ouellet-Morin, I., & Power, C. (2022). Association of childhood bullying victimisation with suicide deaths: Findings from a 50-year nationwide cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 53(9), 4152-4159. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291722000836
Geoffroy, M.-C., Gunnell, D., Clark, C., & Power, C. (2018). Are early-life antecedents of suicide mortality associated with psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation in midlife? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 137(2), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12844
González-Cabrera, J., & Machimbarrena, J. M. (2023). Quality of life and its relationship with bullying and cyberbullying: Face-to-face and online victimization and aggression among peers. In M. Colin, P. Víctor & P. Vinood (Eds.), Handbook of Anger, aggression and violence: Causes, pathology and treatments (pp. 2-14). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98711-4_171-1
González‐Cabrera, J., Díaz‐López, A., Caba‐Machado, V., Ortega‐Barón, J., Echezarraga, A., Fernández‐González, L., & Machimbarrena, J. M. (2023). Epidemiology of peer cybervictimization and its relationship with health‐related quality of life in adolescents: A prospective study. Journal of Adolescence, 95(3), 468-478. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12128
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based analysis. Guilford Press.
Heerde, J. A., & Hemphill, S. A. (2019). Are bullying perpetration and victimization associated with adolescent deliberate self-harm? A meta-analysis. Archives of Suicide Research, 23(3), 353-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1472690
Helfrich, E. L., Doty, J. L., Su, Y.-W., Yourell, J. L., & Gabrielli, J. (2020). Parental views on preventing and minimizing negative effects of cyberbullying. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, Article 105377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105377
Herruzo, C., Sánchez-Guarnido, A. J., Pino, M. J., Lucena, V., Raya, A. F., & Herruzo, F. J. (2023). Suicidal behavior and problematic Internet use in college students. Psicothema, 35(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2022.153
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2019). Connecting adolescent suicide to the severity of bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 18(3), 333-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2018.1492417
Holfeld, B., & Mishna, F. (2019). Internalizing symptoms and externalizing problems: Risk factors for or consequences of cyber victimization? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(3), 567-580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0974-7
Holt, M. K., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Polanin, J. R., Holland, K. M., DeGue, S., Matjasko, J. L., Wolfe, M., & Reid, G. (2015). Bullying and suicidal ideation and behaviors: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 135(2), 496-509. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1864
Hong, J. S., Navarro, R., & Wright, M. F. (2023). Adolescent cyberbullying: A worldwide concern. In M. Khosrow-Pour, D. B. A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of information science and technology, Sixth Edition (pp. 1-22). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7366-5.ch017
Houbrechts, M., Bijttebier, P., Calders, F., Goossens, L., Van Leeuwen, K., Van Den Noortgate, W., & Bosmans, G. (2023). Cumulative family stress and externalizing problems: Secure base script knowledge as a protective factor. Child Development, 94(4), 941-955. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13911
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2021). Defunciones según la causa de muerte. Suicidios y lesiones autoinflingida, de 15 a 19 años [Deaths by cause of death. Suicides and self-inflicted injuries, 15-19 years old]. INEbase. https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=7947
Iorga, M., Agati, M., Coutihno, L., Gizir, R., Malinauskienė, D., Milios, P., & Colibaba, C. (2023). Why are teachers not always willing to fight against cyberbullying? Exploring the beliefs, attitudes, and coping strategies of teachers in a multi-country cross-sectional study. The Medical-Surgical Journal, 127(1), 99-121. https://doi.org/10.22551/ MSJ.2023.01.12
Iranzo, B., Buelga, S., Cava, M.-J., & Ortega-Barón, J. (2019). Cyberbullying, psychosocial adjustment, and suicidal ideation in adolescence. Psychosocial Intervention, 28(2), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2019a5
John, A., Glendenning, A., Marchant, A., Montgomery, P., Stewart, A., Lloyd, K., & Hawton, K. (2018). Self-harm and cyberbullying: A systematic review of the influence of cyberbullying involvement on self-harm and suicide in children and young people. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(4), Article e129. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9044
Kim, J., & Ko, Y. (2021). Influence of experiencing bullying victimization on suicidal ideation and behaviors in Korean adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), Article 10853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010853
Kim, S., Kimber, M., Boyle, M. H., & Georgiades, K. (2019). Sex differences in the association between cyberbullying victimization and mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(2), 126-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718777397
Košir, K., Klasinc, L., Špes, T., Pivec, T., Cankar, G., & Horvat, M. (2020). Predictors of self-reported and peer-reported victimization and bullying behavior in early adolescents: The role of school, classroom, and individual factors. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 35(2), 381-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-019-00430-y
Košir, K., Zakšek, M., & Kozina, A. (2023). School belongingness and family support as predictors of school bullying perpetration and victimization in adolescents: Are relations the same for students with an immigrant background? Victims & Offenders, 1, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2181251
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073-1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
Koyanagi, A., Oh, H., Carvalho, A. F., Smith, L., Haro, J. M., Vancampfort, D., Stubbs, B., & DeVylder, J. E. (2019). Bullying victimization and suicide attempt among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 48 countries. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(9), 907-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.10.018
Kuehn, K. S., Wagner, A., & Velloza, J. (2019). Estimating the magnitude of the relation between bullying, e-Bullying, and suicidal behaviors among United States youth, 2015. Crisis, 40(3), 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000544
Kwanya, T., Kogos, A. C., Kibe, L. W., Ogolla, E. O., & Onsare, C. (2022). Cyber-bullying research in Kenya: A meta-analysis. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 71(4), 208-229. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-08-2020-0124
Lanzillo, E. C., Zhang, I., Jobes, D. A., & Brausch, A. M. (2023). The influence of cyberbullying on non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal thoughts and behavior in a psychiatric adolescent sample. Archives of Suicide Research, 27(1), 156-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2021.1973630
Lensch, T., Clements-Nolle, K., Oman, R. F., Evans, W. P., Lu, M., & Yang, W. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors among youth: The buffering influence of family communication and school connectedness. Journal of Adolescent Health, 68(5), 945-952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.024
Li, C., Wang, P., Martin-Moratinos, M., Bella-Fernández, M., & Blasco- Fontecilla, H. (2022). Traditional bullying and cyberbullying in the digital age and its associated mental health problems in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Retrieved September 20, 2022, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787- 022-02128-x
Lim, K.-S., Wong, C. H., McIntyre, R. S., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Tran, B. X., Tan, W., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2019). Global lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behavior, deliberate self-harm and non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents between 1989 and 2018: A meta- analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4581-4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224581
López-Castro, L., & Priegue, D. (2019). Influence of family variables on cyberbullying perpetration and victimization: A systematic literature review. Social Sciences, 8(3), 98-122. https://doi.org/10.3390/ socsci8030098
Lucas-Molina, B., Pérez-Albéniz, A., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2018). The potential role of subjective wellbeing and gender in the relationship between bullying or cyberbullying and suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Research, 270, 595-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.043 Lucas-Molina, B., Pérez-Albéniz, A., Solbes-Canales, I., Ortuño- Sierra, J., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2022). Bullying, cyberbullying, and mental health: The role of student connectedness as a school protective factor. Psychosocial Intervention, 31(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.7440/res64.2018.03
Mantey, D. S., Yockey, R. A., & Springer, A. E. (2023). Digital screen time and suicidality during high school: How important is cyberbullying? A mediation analysis using the youth risk behavioral surveillance survey, 2011–2019. Preventive Medicine, 166, Article 107330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107330
Mariño, E. L., Medina, M. E., Chaparro, J. J., & González, C. (1993). Confiabilidad y estructura factorial del CES-D en adolescentes mexicanos [Reliability and factorial structure of the CES-D in Mexican adolescents]. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 10, 141-145.
Martínez-Ferrer, B., León-Moreno, C., Suárez-Relinque, C., Del Moral- Arroyo, G., & Musitu-Ochoa, G. (2021). Cybervictimization, offline victimization, and cyberbullying: The mediating role of the problematic use of social networking sites in boys and girls. Psychosocial Intervention, 30(3), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2021a5
Millan-Ghisleri, E., & Caro-Samada, C. (2022). Prevention of cyberhate and cyberbullying in adolescents: Family strategies for personal growth. Teoría de la Educación, 34(1), 105-124. https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.26157
Moore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Suetani, S., Thomas, H. J., Sly, P. D., & Scott, J. G. (2017). Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Psychiatry, 7(1), 60-76. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v7.i1.60
Moreno-Mansilla, S., Ricarte, J. J., & Barry, T. J. (2022). The role of transdiagnostic variables within gender differences in adolescents’ self reports of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Psicothema, 34(2), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2021.327
Mula-Falcón, J., & González, C. C. (2023). Effectiveness of cyberbullying prevention programmes on perpetration levels: A meta-analysis. Revista Fuentes, 25(1), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.12795/ revistafuentes.2023.21525
Nagamitsu, S., Mimaki, M., Koyanagi, K., Tokita, N., Kobayashi, Y., Hattori, R., Ishii, R., Matsuoka, M., Yamashita, Y., Yamagata, Z., Igarashi, T., & Croarkin, P. E. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of suicidality in Japanese adolescents: Results from a population-based questionnaire survey. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1), 467- 475. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02362-9
Navarro R., Larrañaga E., Yubero S., & Víllora B. (2022). Families, parenting and aggressive preschoolers: A scoping review of studies examining family variables related to preschool aggression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), Article 15556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph192315556
Navarro, R., Serna, C., Martínez, V., & Ruiz-Oliva, R. (2013). The role of Internet use and parental mediation on cyberbullying victimization among Spanish children from rural public schools. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(3), 725-745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0137-2
Navarro, R., Yubero, S., Víllora, B., & Larrañaga, E. (2021). The role of parents in bullying and cyberbullying. In S. Peter & O. James (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of bullying. A comprehensive and international review of research and intervention (Vol. 2, pp. 351- 369). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118482650.ch53
Nguyen, H. T. L., Nakamura, K., Seino, K., & Vo, V. T. (2020). Relationships among cyberbullying, parental attitudes, self-harm, and suicidal behavior among adolescents: Results from a school- based survey in Vietnam. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 476-484. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08500-3
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2021). Suicidio: Datos y cifras [Suicide: Facts and figures]. OMS. https://www.who.int/es/news- room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide
Ortega-Barón, J., Buelga, S., & Cava, M.-J. (2016). The influence of school and family environment on adolescent victims of cyberbullying. Comunicar, 46, 57-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C46-2016-06
Ortega-Barón, J., Buelga, S., Cava, M.-J., & Iranzo, B. (2022). Efficacy of the Prev@cib 2.0 program in cyberbullying, helping behaviors and perception of help from the teacher. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 20(2), 427-448. https://doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v20i57.6684
Ortega-Barón, J., Machimbarrena, J. M., Montiel, I., Buelga, S., Basterra-González, A., & González-Cabrera, J. (2021). Design and validation of the Brief Self Online Scale (SO-8) in early adolescence: An exploratory study. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 41(7), 1055– 1071. https://doi.org/10.1177/02724316209785
Pereira, M., Fernandes, O. M., & Relva, I. C. (2022). Ciberbullying, ideação suicida e comunicação parento-filial em adolescentes e jovens adultos [Cyberbullying, suicidal ideation and parent-child communication in adolescents and young adults]. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 40(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.12804/ revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.10894
Perquier, F., Hetrick, S., Rodak, T., Jing, X., Wang, W., Cost, K. T., Szatmari, P., & Aitken, M. (2021). Association of parenting with suicidal ideation and attempts in children and youth: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Systematic Reviews, 10, 232-242. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01727-0
Perret et al. (2020). Cybervictimization in adolescence and its association with subsequent suicidal ideation/attempt beyond face‐to‐face victimization: A longitudinal population‐based study. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(8), 866-874. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13158
Quintana-Orts, C., Merida-López, S., Teresa Chamizo-Nieto, M., Extremera, N., & Rey, L. (2022). Unraveling the links among cybervictimization, core self-evaluations, and suicidal ideation: A multi-study investigation. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, Article 111337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111337
Rodelli, M., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Dumon, E., Portzky, G., & DeSmet, A. (2018). Which healthy lifestyle factors are associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation among adolescents faced with cyberbullying? Preventive Medicine, 113, 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.002
Romero-Abrio, A., Martínez-Ferrer, B., Musitu-Ferrer, D., León- Moreno, C., Villarreal-González, M. E., & Callejas-Jerónimo, J. E. (2019). Family communication problems, psychosocial adjustment, and cyberbullying. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), Article 2417. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph16132417
Ruch, D. A., Munir, A., Steelesmith, D. L., Bridge, J. A., & Fontanella, C. A. (2023). Characteristics and precipitating circumstances of suicide among youth involved with the U.S. child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 144, Article 106749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106749
Salton, M. R., Cohen, R., Deptula, D. P., & Ray, G. E. (2023). Willingness to self-disclose cyber victimization to friends or parents: Gender differences in cyber victimization a year later. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 17(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2023-2-2
Sánchez-Sosa, J. C., Villarreal-González, M. E., Musitu, G., & Martínez-Ferrer, B. (2010). Ideación suicida en adolescentes: Un análisis psicosocial [Suicidal ideation in adolescents: A psychosocial analysis]. Psychosocial Intervention, 19(3), 279-287. https://doi. org/10.5093/in2010v19n3a8
Save the Children (2021). Crecer saludable(mente). Análisis sobre la salud mental y el suicidio en la infancia y la adolescencia [Growing up healthy(minded). Analysis on mental health and suicide in childhood and adolescence]. https://www.savethechildren.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/Informe_Crecer_saludablemente_DIC_2021.pdf
Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Livingstone, S., & Hasebrink, U. (2020). EU Kids Online 2020.Survey results from 19 countries. EuKids Online. https://www.eukidsonline.ch/files/Eu-kids-online-2020-international-report.pdf
Sorrentino, A., Esposito, A., Acunzo, D., Santamato, M., & Aquino, A. (2023). Onset risk factors for youth involvement in cyberbullying and cybervictimization: A longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1090047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1090047
Sun, J., & Ban, Y. (2022). Relationship between parental psychological control and suicide ideation in Chinese adolescents: Chained mediation through resilience and maladjustment problems. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 946491. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2022.946491
Takizawa, R., Maughan, B., & Arseneault, L. (2014). Adult health outcomes of childhood bullying victimization: Evidence from a five-decade longitudinal British birth cohort. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(7), 777-784. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi. ajp.2014.13101401
Thornberg, R., Wegmann, B., Wänström, L., Bjereld, Y., & Hong, J. S. (2022). Associations between student–teacher relationship quality, class climate, and bullying roles: A bayesian multilevel multinomial logit analysis. Victims & Offenders, 17(8), 1196-1223. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2051107
Varela, J. J., Hernandez, C., Berger, C., Souza, S. B., & Pacheco, E. (2022). To ignore or not to ignore: The differential effect of coping mechanisms on depressive symptoms when facing adolescent cyberbullying. Computers in Human Behavior, 132, Article 107268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107268
Villar-Cabeza, F., Castellano-Tejedor, C., Sánchez- Fernández, B., Verge Muñoz, M., & Blasco-Blasco, T. (2017). Perfiles psicológicos del adolescente con conducta suicida [Psychological profiles of adolescents with suicidal behavior]. Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto- Juvenil, 34(1), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v34n1a1
Víllora, B., Larrañaga, E., Yubero, S., Alfaro, A., & Navarro, R. (2020). Relations among poly-bullying victimization, subjective well-being and resilience in a sample of late adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), Article 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020590
Walsh, W. A., Finkelhor, D., & Turner, H. (2024). Characteristics and dynamics of cyberstalking victimization among juveniles and young adults. Violence Against Women. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012231225238
Wang, L., & Jiang, S. (2022). Effectiveness of parent-related interventions on cyberbullying among adolescents: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. Retrieved September 5, 2020, from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15248380221137065
Wang, Z. (2023). Review on data mining and data analysis method for adolescent suicide problem. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology, 39, 1164-1169. https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v39i.6724
Wu, L., Zhang, D., Su, Z., & Hu, T. (2015). Peer victimization among children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review of links to emotional maladjustment. Clinical Pediatrics, 54(10), 941-955. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922814567873
Yubero, S., Larrañaga, E., & Navarro, R. (2018). Parents against cyberbullying: Protective factors. Bordon-Revista de Pedagogía, 70(1), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2018.58169
Zhu, S., Li, X., & Wong, P. W. C. (2023). Risk and protective factors in suicidal behaviour among young people in Hong Kong: A comparison study between children and adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 321, Article 115059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115059