Aislando el Papel de la Fuerza Asociativa Directa e Inversa y la Identificabilidad del Tema Sobre los Recuerdos Falsos
PDF (English)

Cómo citar

Beato, M. S., Suarez, M., & Cadavid, S. (2023). Aislando el Papel de la Fuerza Asociativa Directa e Inversa y la Identificabilidad del Tema Sobre los Recuerdos Falsos. Psicothema, 35(2). Recuperado a partir de https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/PST/article/view/19757

Resumen

Antecedentes: las memorias falsas se han estudiado ampliamente utilizando el paradigma Deese/Roediger-McDermott. A pesar de la robustez del efecto, existe una amplia variabilidad de resultados que todavía no se comprende completamente. Método: tres experimentos examinaron independientemente el papel de la fuerza asociativa inversa (BAS), fuerza asociativa directa (FAS) e identificabilidad del tema (ID) en el reconocimiento falso (RF). Primero, se manipuló el BAS mientras se controló FAS e ID (Experimento 1). Segundo, se manipuló el FAS mientras se controló BAS e ID (Experimento 2). Finalmente, se manipuló ID mientras se controló BAS y FAS (Experimento 3). Se utilizaron análisis frecuentistas y bayesianos. Resultados: el RF fue mayor en las listas de alto que bajo BAS (Experimento 1), y alto que bajo FAS (Experimento 2). En cambio, el RF fue menor en las listas de alto ID que bajo ID (Experimento 3). Conclusiones: tanto BAS como FAS, variables que promueven procesos de inflación del error, pero también ID, quien promueve procesos de edición del error, contribuyen de forma independiente a la producción de memorias falsas. Aislar el papel de estas variables ayuda a comprender la variabilidad de los falsos recuerdos y a extrapolar las tareas DRM para explorar otros dominios cognitivos.

PDF (English)

Citas

Arndt, J. (2010). The role of memory activation in creating false memories of encoding context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(1), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017394

Arndt, J. (2012). The influence of forward and backward associative strength on false recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(3), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026375

Arndt, J. (2015). The influence of forward and backward associative strength on false memories for encoding context. Memory, 23(7), 1093–1111. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2014.959527

Arndt, J., & Beato, M. S. (2017). The role of language proficiency in producing false memories. Journal of Memory and Language, 95, 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2017.03.004

Arndt, J., & Gould, C. (2006). An examination of two-process theories of false recognition. Memory, 14(7), 814–833. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210600680749

Beato, M. S., &Arndt, J. (2014). False recognition production indexes in forward associative strength (FAS) lists with three critical words. Psicothema, 26(4), 457–463. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2014.79

Beato, M. S., & Arndt, J. (2017). The role of backward associative strength in false recognition of DRM lists with multiple critical words. Psicothema, 29(3), 358–363. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.248

Beato, M. S., & Arndt, J. (2021a). Questioning the role of forward associative strength in false memories: evidence from Deese-Roediger-McDermott lists with three critical lures. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 724594. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724594

Beato, M. S., & Arndt, J. (2021b). The effect of language proficiency and associative strength on false memory. Psychological Research, 85(8), 3134– 3151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01449-3

Beato, M. S., & Cadavid, S. (2016). Normative study of theme identifiability instructions with and without explanation of the false memory eff Behavior Research Methods, 48(4), 1252–1265. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0652-6

Beato, M. S., Cadavid, S., Pulido, R. F., & Pinho, M. S. (2013). No effect of stress on false recognition. Psicothema, 25(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2012.158

Beato, M. S., Pulido, R. F., Pinho, M. S., & Gozalo, M. (2013). Reconocimiento falso y ansiedad estado/rasgo [False recognition and state/trait anxiety]. Psicológica, 34(2), 299–311.

Bodner, G. E., Huff M. J., Lamontagne, R. W., & Azad, T. (2017). Getting at the source of distinctive encoding eff in the DRM paradigm: evidence from signal-detection measures and source judgments. Memory, 25(5), 647–655. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2016.1205094

Boldini, A., Beato, M. S., & Cadavid, S. (2013). Modality-match eff in false recognition: an event-related potential study. NeuroReport, 24(3), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e32835c93e3

Brainerd, C. J., Chang, M., & Bialer, D. M. (2020). From association to gist. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 46(11), 2106–2127. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000938

Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2002). Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(5), 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00192

Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2005). The Science of False Memory. Oxford University Press.

Brainerd, C. J., & Wright, R. (2005). Forward association, backward association, and the false-memory illusion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(3), 554–567. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.3.554

Brainerd, C. J., Yang, Y., Reyna, V. F., Howe, M. L., & Mills, B. A. (2008). Semantic processing in “associative” false memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(6), 1035–1053. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.15.6.1035

Brysbaert, M. (2019). How many participants do we have to include in properly powered experiments? A tutorial of power analysis with some simple guidelines. Journal of Cognition, 2(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.72

Cadavid, S., & Beato, M. S. (2016). Memory distortion and its avoidance: an event-related potentials study on false recognition and correct rejection. PLoS ONE, 11(10), Article e0164024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164024

Cadavid, S., & Beato, M. S. (2017). False recognition in DRM lists with low association: a normative study. Psicológica, 38(1), 133–147.

Cadavid, S., Beato, M. S., & Fernandez, A. (2012). Falso reconocimiento en listas DRM con tres palabras críticas: asociación directa vs. inversa [False recognition in DRM lists with three critical words: forward vs. backward association]. Psicológica, 33(1), 39–58.

Cadavid, S., Beato, M. S., Suarez, M., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2021). Feelings of contrast at test reduce false memory in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 686390. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.686390

Carneiro, P., & Fernandez, A. (2013). Retrieval dynamics in false recall: revelations from identifiability manipulations. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20(3), 488–495. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0361-4

Carneiro, P., Fernandez, A., & Dias, A. R. (2009). The influence of theme identifiability on false memories: evidence for age-dependent opposite eff Memory & Cognition, 37(2), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.37.2.115

Carneiro, P., Fernandez, A., Díez, E., Garcia-Marques, L., Ramos, T., & Ferreira, M. B. (2012). “Identify-to-reject”: a specific strategy to avoid false memories in the DRM paradigm. Memory & Cognition, 40(2), 252–265. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-011-0152-6

Carneiro, P., Garcia-Marques, L., Fernandez, A., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2014). Both associative activation and thematic extraction count, but thematic false memories are more easily rejected. Memory, 22(8), 1024–1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2013.864680

Carneiro, P., Ramos, T., Costa, R. S., Garcia-Marques, L., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2011). Identificabilidade dos temas de listas formadas por associação retrógrada (backward): contributo para o estudo das memórias falsas [Theme identifiability of backward associative lists: contribution to false memory research]. Laboratório de Psicologia, 9(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.14417/lp.634

Coane, J. H., McBride, D. M., Huff M. J., Chang, K., Marsh, E. M., & Smith, K. A. (2021). Manipulations of list type in the DRM paradigm: a review of how structural and conceptual similarity affect false memory. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 668550. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668550

Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17–22.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046671

Del Prete, F., Mirandola, C., Konishi, M., Cornoldi, C., & Ghetti, S. (2014). Paradoxical effects of warning in the production of children’s false memories. Journal of Cognition and Development, 15(1), 94–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2012.721036

Dienes, Z. (2011). Bayesian versus orthodox statistics: Which side are you on? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(3), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611406920

Fam, J., Huff M. J., Westbrook, R. F., & Holmes, N. M. (2021). The effect of early list manipulations on the DRM illusion. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(11), 1924–1934. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218211012620

Gallo, D. A. (2010). False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion. Memory & Cognition, 38(7), 833–848. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.38.7.833

Gallo, D. A., Roberts, M. J., & Seamon, J. G. (1997). Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(2), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209405

Gallo, D. A., & Roediger, H. L. (2002). Variability among word lists in eliciting memory illusions: evidence for associative activation and monitoring. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(3), 469–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00013-X

Gallo, D. A., Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2001). Associative false recognition occurs without strategic criterion shifts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(3), 579–586. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196194

Gunter, R. W., Bodner, G. E., & Azad, T. (2007). Generation and mnemonic encoding induce a mirror eff in the DRM paradigm. Memory & Cognition, 35(5), 1083–1092. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193480

Hautus, M. J., Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (2022). Detection Theory: A User's Guide. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003203636

Howe, M. L., Wimmer, M. C., Gagnon, N., & Plumpton, S. (2009). An associative-activation theory of children’s and adults’ memory illusions. Journal of Memory and Language, 60(2), 229–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2008.10.002

Huff M. J., & Bodner, G. E. (2013). When does memory monitoring succeed versus fail? Comparing item-specific and relational encoding in the DRM paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(4), 1246–1256. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031338

Huff M. J., Bodner, G. E., & Fawcett, J. M. (2015). Effects of distinctive encoding on correct and false memory: a meta-analytic review of costs and benefits and their origins in the DRM paradigm. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(2), 349–365. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0648-8

Huff M. J., Bodner, G. E., & Gretz, M. R. (2020). Reducing false recognition in the Deese-Roediger/McDermott paradigm: Related lures reveal how distinctive encoding improves encoding and monitoring processes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 602347. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.602347

JASP Team. (2020). JASP (Version 0.14.1). [Computer software].

Knott, L. M., Dewhurst, S. A., & Howe, M. L. (2012). What factors underlie associative and categorical memory illusions? The roles of backward associative strength and interitem connectivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(1), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025201

Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection Theory: A User's Guide. Cambridge University Press.

Malloggi, S., Conte, F., De Rosa, O., Righi, S., Gronchi, G., Ficca, G., & Giganti, F. (2022). False memories formation is increased in individuals with insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 31(3), Article e13527. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13527

McCabe, D. P., & Smith, A. D. (2002). The effect of warnings on false memories in young and older adults. Memory and Cognition, 30(7), 1065–1077. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194324

McEvoy, C. L., Nelson, D. L., & Komatsu, T. (1999). What is the connection between true and false memories? The differential roles of interitem associations in recall and recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25(5), 1177–1194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.25.5.1177

Multhaup, K. S., & Conner, C. A. (2002). The effects of considering nonlist sources on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott memory illusion. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(2), 214–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00007-4

Namias, J. M., Huff M. J., Smith, A., & Maxwell, N. P. (2022). Drawing individual images benefits recognition accuracy in the Deese-Roediger- McDermott paradigm. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75(8), 1571–1582. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218211056498

Neuschatz, J. S., Benoit, G. E., & Payne, D. G. (2003). Effective warnings in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false-memory paradigm: the role of identifiability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.29.1.35

Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., & Patihis, L. (2022). What science tells us about false and repressed memories. Memory, 30(1), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1870699

Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (1995). Fuzzy-trace theory: an interim synthesis. Learning and Individual Differences, 7(1), 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/1041-6080(95)90031-4

Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803–814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803

Roediger, H. L., Watson, J. M., McDermott, K. B., & Gallo, D.A. (2001). Factors that determine false recall: a multiple regression analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(3), 385–407. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196177

Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2012). E-Prime User's Guide. Psychology Software Tools, Inc.

Schopen, K., Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., & Muris, P. (2022). Eff of forewarnings on children’s and adults’ spontaneous false memories. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19(2), 177–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2021.1904877

Suarez, M., & Beato, M. S. (2021). The role of language proficiency in false memory: a mini review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 659434. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659434

Ulatowska, J., Olszewska, J., Wiśniewska, D., & Rogowski, T. (2021). The DRM paradigm in sign language: an investigation of associative memory errors in deaf and hearing signers. Current Psychology, 40(11), 5456–5470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00492-7

Wang, J., Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., & Zhou, C. (2019). A self-reference false memory effect in the DRM paradigm: evidence from Eastern and Western samples. Memory & Cognition, 47(1), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-018-0851-3

Watson, J. M., McDermott, K. B., & Balota, D. A. (2004). Attempting to avoid false memories in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm: assessing the combined influence of practice and warnings in young and old adults. Memory & Cognition, 32(1), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195826

Wechsler, D. (2012). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition: Technical and Interpretative Manual. Pearson.