Palabras clave
Children
Nighttime fears
Coping responses
Patterns Análisis de perfiles latentes
Niños
Miedos nocturnos
Respuestas de afrontamiento
Patrones
Cómo citar
Resumen
Antecedentes: Los miedos nocturnos son frecuentes entre los niños en edad escolar y pueden estar relacionados con dificultades psicológicas, mientras que las estrategias de afrontamiento pueden variar y afectar a su bienestar emocional. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar patrones de miedos nocturnos y estilos de afrontamiento en niños en edad escolar mediante el Análisis de Perfiles Latentes. Asimismo, se comprobaron los posibles predictores de los perfiles latentes mediante un análisis de regresión logística multinomial. Método: Una muestra de 786 niños hispanohablantes (8- 12 años; Medad = 9,66, DT = 1,20; 51,3% niñas) participaron completando medidas de autoinforme sobre miedos nocturnos
y respuestas de afrontamiento. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron cuatro perfiles latentes: (1)“miedos bajos, autocontrol
bajo” (24,2%), (2)“miedos altos (excepto miedos imaginarios), afrontamiento desadaptativo” (22,8%), (3)“miedos moderados, afrontamiento adaptativo” (44,9%), y (4)“miedos altos, afrontamiento desadaptativo” (8,1%). El análisis de regresión reveló que las características sociodemográficas y la utilidad percibida por los niños respecto a las estrategias de afrontamiento eran predictores de los perfiles latentes. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos sugieren la presencia de patrones distintos y subgrupos heterogéneos, pudiendo emerger como perfiles de mayor o menor riesgo. Ello enfatiza la necesidad de considerar los patrones existentes para ofrecer intervenciones adaptadas dirigidas a los miedos nocturnos.
Citas
Basten, M. M., Althoff, R. R., Tiemeier, H., Jaddoe, V. W., Hofman, A., Hudziak, J. J., Verhulst, F. C., & van der Ende, J. (2013). The dysregulation profile in young children: Empirically defined classes in the Generation R study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(8), 841–850.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.007
Beesdo-Baum, K., & Knappe, S. (2012). Developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 21, 457-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2012.05.001
Chaplin T. M. (2015). Gender and emotion expression: A developmental contextual perspective. Emotion Review, 7(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914544408
El Rafihi-Ferreira, R., Lewis, K. M., McFayden, T., & Ollendick, T. H. (2019). Predictors of nighttime fears and sleep problems in young children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 941–949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01332-9
Essau, C. A., & de la Torre-Luque, A. (2019). Comorbidity profile of mental disorders among adolescents: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Research, 278, 228–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.007
Fernández-Martínez, I., Morales, A., Espada, J. P., & Orgilés, M. (2022). Nighttime coping response in children: Development and validation of a new scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 88, Article 102572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102572
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Ortuño-Sierra, J., & Pérez-Albéniz, A. (2020). Emotional and behavioural difficulties and prosocial behaviour in adolescents: A latent profile analysis. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 13, 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.01.002
Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C., Jellesma, F., Terwogt, M. M., & Kraaij, V. (2007). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9-11-year- old children: The development of an instrument. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 16, 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-006-0562-3
Gordon, J., & King, N. (2002). Children’s night-time fears: An overview. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 15(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070110104097
Gordon, J., King, N. J., Gullone, E., Muris, P., & Ollendick, T. H. (2007b). Treatment of children’s nighttime fears: The need for a modern randomised controlled trial. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(1), 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.07.002
Gordon, J., King, N., Gullone, E., Muris, P., & Ollendick, T. H. (2007a). Nighttime fears of children and adolescents: Frequency, content, severity, harm, expectations, disclosure, and coping behaviours. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(10), 2464–2472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.03.013
Ji, Y., Xu, H., Zhang, Y., & Liu, Q. (2018). Heterogeneity of adolescent health risk behaviors in rural western China: A latent class analysis. Plos One, 13(6), Article e0199286. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0199286
King, N., Ollendick, T. H., & Tonge, B. J. (1997). Children’s nighttime fears. Clinical Psychology Review, 17(4), 431–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(97)00014-7
Lewis, K. M., Rafihi-Ferreira, R. E., Freitag, G. F., Coffman, M., & Ollendick, T. H. (2021). A 25-year review of nighttime fears in children: Past, present, and future. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 24(3), 391–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00354-4
Liao, H., Pan, M., Li, W., Lin, C., Zhu, X., Li, X., Li, J., & Zhou, S. (2019).
Latent profile analysis of anxiety disorder among left-behind children in rural Southern China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 9(6), Article e029331. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029331
Mooney, K. C. (1985). Children’s nighttime fears: Ratings of content and coping behaviors. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9, 309–319.
Mooney, K. C., Graziano, A. M., & Katz, J. N. (1985). A factor analytic investigation of children’s nighttime fear and coping responses. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 146, 205–215.
Morales, A., Melero, S., Tomczyk, S., Espada, J. P., & Orgilés, M. (2021a). Subtyping of strengths and difficulties in a Spanish children sample: A latent class analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 280, 272–278. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.047
Morales, A., Rodríguez-Menchón, M., Tomczyk, S., Fernández-Martínez, I., Orgilés, M., & Espada, J. P. (2021b). Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in Spanish children aged 6-8: Results of a latent profile analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 617–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jad.2020.10.066
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Gadet, B., & Moulaert, V. (2000). Fears, worries, and scary dreams in 4- to 12-year-old children: Their content, developmental pattern, and origins. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 43-52. https:// doi.org/10.1207/S15374424jccp2901_5
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Ollendick, T. H., King, N. J., & Bogie, N. (2001). Children’s nighttime fears: Parent-child ratings of frequency, content, origins, coping behaviors and severity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005- 7967(99)00155-2
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2017). Mplus User’s Guide (7th ed.). Muthén & Muthén.
Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(4), 535- 569. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701575396
Orgilés, M., Fernández-Martínez, I., Espada, J. P., & Morales, A. (2021). The Nighttime Fears Scale: Development and psychometric evidence of a standardized self-report scale to assess nighttime fears in children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 79, Article 102369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. janxdis.2021.102369
Quy, K., Gibb, J., Neil, J., Owen, C., & Smith, M. (2018). Dimensions of coping and anxiety symptoms in a community sample of young children. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 23, 230–244. https://doi.org/10.10 80/13632752.2018.1461456
Quy, K., Gibb, J., Neil, L., & Smith, M. (2020). Development and preliminary validation of a self-report coping response measure in a community sample of children in middle childhood. Journal of Personality Assessment, 102(5), 628–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1606003
Rosato, N. S., & Baer, J. C. (2012). Latent class analysis: A method for capturing heterogeneity. Social Work Research, 36, 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svs006
Spurk, D., Hirschi, A., Wang, M., Valero, D., & Kauffeld, S. (2020). Latent profile analysis: A review and “how to” guide of its application within vocational behavior research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, Article 103445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103445
Tomczyk, S., Isensee, B., & Hanewinkel, R. (2016). Latent classes of polysubstance use among adolescents-a systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 160, 12-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. drugalcdep.2015.11.035
Tomczyk, S., Schomerus, G., Stolzenburg, S., Muehlan, H., & Schmidt, S. (2018). Who is seeking whom? A person-centred approach to help- seeking in adults with untreated mental health problems via latent class analysis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(8), 773- 783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1537-7
Weller, B. E., Bowen, N. K., & Faubert, S. J. (2020). Latent class analysis: A guide to best practice. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(4), 287–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798420930932