Palabras clave
Therapy
Quality of life
Terminal illness
Palliative care
Systematic review
Meta-analysis Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso
Calidad de vida
Enfermedad terminal
Cuidados paliativos
Revisión sistemática
Meta-análisis
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: La Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) es una psicoterapia basada en procesos que proporciona
atención compasiva y centrada en la persona en cuidados paliativos. Este estudio evalúa la eficacia de ACT en calidad
de vida (CdV) y malestar emocional, y examina variables de proceso (p.ej., flexibilidad psicológica). Método: Se
buscó en PubMed, Scopus y PsycInfo estudios que midieran CdV, síntomas de ansiedad/depresión, y variables de
proceso en intervenciones ACT. Se realizaron metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios y metarregresiones. Se evaluó el riesgo
de sesgo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 estudios (1,109 participantes; Medad = 61,5; 55,7% mujeres; 6 ECA). ACT
mostró efectos moderados significativos en CdV, ansiedad y depresión frente a grupos de control activos (SMD = 0,44
to 0,62), mantenidos en el seguimiento de 1-9 meses (SMD = 0,35 to 0,56). Las intervenciones presenciales mostraron
resultados superiores a las remotas. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos apoyan la relevancia clínica de ACT para abordar
malestar psicológico y mejorar CdV en cuidados al final de la vida. Las limitaciones incluyen sesgo de autoinforme,
alta heterogeneidad, solapamiento entre medidas, sesgo de publicación para CdV y tamaños muestrales limitados. Se
requieren ensayos de alta calidad en poblaciones no oncológicas, cuidadores y profesionales sanitarios.
Citas
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