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Antecedentes y objetivos: Los trabajos centrados en el estudio del aburrimiento en los mayores son escasos y dispersos. La falta de un mapa conceptual sobre el estado de la cuestión dificulta en la actualidad la comprensión de este fenómeno y la propuesta de intervenciones. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y examinar la literatura existente sobre el aburrimiento en los adultos mayores para explorar lo que se conoce hasta ahora sobre este par de conceptos y proporcionar un estado de la situación preciso.
Diseño y metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión exhaustiva e integradora de estudios de investigación sobre la cuestión a nivel internacional, cubriendo la no convencional. Se realizaron búsquedas de trabajos elegibles en ocho bases de datos electrónicas hasta agosto de 2020. Esta revisión sistemática siguió la metodología PRISMA. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa para presentar los temas resultantes.
Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 9748 estudios. 49 de ellos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión en el estudio. 8 temas clave fueron identificados inductivamente: (1) Experiencia del aburrimiento y propensión al aburrimiento; (2) Aburrimiento, vivienda e institucionalización; (3) Aburrimiento y jubilación; (4) Aburrimiento y enfermedades mentales; (5) Aburrimiento y trastornos mentales; (6) Aburrimiento, soledad, sensación de inutilidad; (7) Aburrimiento y reminiscencia y (8) Aburrimiento y ocio.
Discusión e implicaciones: El aburrimiento es un factor de riesgo para los adultos mayores que debe abordarse de inmediato. Esta revisión sistemática mostró que: (1) la literatura científica actual sobre el aburrimiento y el envejecimiento es escasa y dispersa y no permite abordar de manera integral el aburrimiento en los adultos mayores; (2) es necesario realizar más investigaciones empíricas en torno a este fenómeno; (3) la investigación debe centrarse específicamente en el aburrimiento y no tratarlo como un fenómeno correlacionado; (4) los modelos de prevención centrados en el aburrimiento deben desarrollarse, aplicarse y evaluarse de inmediato en diferentes entornos.
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