A RARE CAUSE OF SPONTANEOUS PERIRENAL HEMORRHAGE: REVISITING WUNDERLICH SYNDROME

Abstract

Wunderlich syndrome (WS),defined as spontaneousnon-traumatic renal or perirenal hemorrhage is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition first described by Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1856. The common underlying causes include Primary renal neoplasms, vascular lesions, and coagulopathies. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) remains the standard imaging modality forclinical evaluation and histopathologic examination confirms the underlying etiology, informinglong-term management and prognostication. Therapeutic options include conservative management, selective arterial embolization, and surgery depending on hemodynamic stability and underlying cause with minimally invasive interventions becoming the standard of care. Integrating radiologic, surgical, and histopathologic insights is crucial for timely diagnosis and optimal outcomes.This case report adds to the body of literature on this rare clinical entity and highlights clinicopathological features, etiologic mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of WS in a patient with a left adrenal mass.